Sampling and quantitative analysis methods in anthracology from archaeological contexts: Achievements and prospects

This paper provides a critical review of the main methodological achievements in sampling and quantitative analysis anthracology, study wood charcoal macro-remains from archaeological contexts. The application appropriate protocols is prerequisite for all types archaeo-anthracological assemblages, particularly when it comes to fuel waste. Sampling directly impacts taxonomic composition assemblage its representativeness with regard reconstructing ancient woodland composition. selection contexts deposits this purpose, spatial scatters, sieving methods mesh size, what constitutes optimal sample size outcomes fragmentation, are discussed. Provided that followed, case palaeoecological waste argued detail. also includes discussion contribution laboratory experiments understanding combustion post-depositional processes on preservation implications fuelwood properties collection. We argue firewood use was predicated principally availability past vegetation interdependence landscape management practices. Lastly, we discuss multivariate insights they may provide taphonomy, uses.